{"id":6487,"date":"2018-05-08T11:18:48","date_gmt":"2018-05-08T09:18:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/study-market-gardening-value-chains-of-eastern-chad\/"},"modified":"2018-05-14T14:03:43","modified_gmt":"2018-05-14T12:03:43","slug":"value-chain-market-gardening-eastern-chad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/en\/value-chain-market-gardening-eastern-chad\/","title":{"rendered":"Value chain study of market gardening in eastern Chad"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>Introduction<\/h4>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">From February to April 2018, we conducted two studies of food value chains, in very different contexts and for different purposes:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">A study on market gardening in eastern Chad for Care International<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">A study of the organic soybean value chain in Togo for GIZ (German cooperation agency)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Both studies were conducted by Pierre Johnson for Tero cooperative &#8220;committed experts to rural territories&#8221;.<\/span> <span class=\"\">Following is the first of these studies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h3>Chad: dynamic market gardening groups under precarious conditions<\/h3>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">The aim of this study was to analyze dry season market gardening value chains in Eastern Chad and to identify the opportunities to improve the creation and distribution of value in them.<\/span> <span class=\"\">Indeed, in the two departments where the study was carried out, with Ab\u00e9ch\u00e9 and Biltine as head, <strong>levels of food insecurity are preoccuping<\/strong> (15% and 50% respectively).<\/span> <span class=\"\">In addition, <strong>climate change<\/strong> is occurring, and it is necessary to provide for the adaptation of these crops to this change.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6472\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CarteTchadEstAfrique.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6472\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6472\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CarteTchadEstAfrique-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CarteTchadEstAfrique-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CarteTchadEstAfrique-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CarteTchadEstAfrique-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/CarteTchadEstAfrique.png 966w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6472\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Study zone in Chad (in red)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\">This study was part of the project &#8220;<em>Resilience and Adaptation to Climatic Variability for Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security in Chad, Wadi Fira Region, Gu\u00e9ra and Ouada\u00ef<\/em>&#8220;, funded by the European Union for a period of 30 months , and implemented by the NGOs Care International and Oxfam. <span class=\"\">Our contact was Care International.<\/span> <span class=\"\">It was conducted by a team of two consultants, <\/span><\/span>Pierre Johnson (international) and Ezechiel Dingamadji (Chad).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6479\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-puit.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6479\" class=\"wp-image-6479\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-puit-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-puit-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-puit-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-puit-510x382.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-puit.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6479\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Group of producers in the region of Wadi Fira<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<h4>Some challenges revealead by the study<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Une liste de 22 produits maraichers de production et commercialisation courante a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tablie. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\"><strong>A list of 22 common market garden cash and food crops<\/strong> was established.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Une cartographie des acteurs de la cha\u00eene de valeur montrant qu'il s'agit de fili\u00e8res tr\u00e8s courtes, o\u00f9 interviennent essentiellement les producteurs (en majorit\u00e9 des femmes), des commer\u00e7ants grossistes et semi-grossistes (des hommes) et des commer\u00e7antes. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\"><strong>A map of actors showed that these value chains are very short<\/strong>, involving mainly producers (mostly women), wholesalers, semi-wholesalers (men) and retailers.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"La transformation des produits est marginale et mal conduite.\"><strong>Product processing is marginal and poorly conducted<\/strong>. <\/span><span title=\"Or elle permet pour certains produits une meilleure conservation. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">But it allows a better conservation of some crops. <\/span><span title=\"Pour augmenter la dur\u00e9e de conservation de certains produits, les productrices font s\u00e9cher tomates, gombos et piments, mais les techniques pour ce faire sont souvent rudimentaires et inad\u00e9quates. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\">To increase the shelf life of some products, women dry tomatoes, okra and peppers, but the techniques for doing so are often rudimentary and inadequate.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"La conservation des produits de garde (pomme de terre, ail, oignon) est principalement r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par des grossistes et semi-grossistes, sans transformation suppl\u00e9mentaire. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\"><strong>Crops that can be preserved<\/strong> (potatoes, garlic, onions) <strong>are mainly stocked by wholesalers and semi-wholesalers<\/strong>, without further processing.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"La production et la multiplication des semences est un enjeu \u00e9conomique et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire important dans ces deux r\u00e9gions.\"><strong>The production and multiplication of seeds<\/strong> is an important economic and food security issue in these two regions. <\/span><span title=\"De nombreuses semences sont import\u00e9es du Soudan, et les populations locales ont encore peu de savoir-faire pour les produire elles-m\u00eames.\">Most seeds are imported from Sudan, and local people still have little know-how to produce them themselves.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"attachment_6481\" style=\"width: 410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-produits-secs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6481\" class=\"wp-image-6481\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-produits-secs-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-produits-secs-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-produits-secs-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-produits-secs-510x382.jpg 510w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-produits-secs.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6481\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Produits secs sur le march\u00e9 de Biltine<\/p><\/div>\n<h4><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Les principales orientations recommand\u00e9es \">The main orientations recommended<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"D\u00e9veloppement d'une orientation march\u00e9 \">Development of a market orientation<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Les structures d'appui (ONG, coop\u00e9ration internationale, services techniques de l'\u00c9tat) devraient appuyer les producteurs vers l'autonomie dans la production, la transformation et la conservation de leur production : notions de qualit\u00e9, introduction d'itin\u00e9raires techniques pr\u00e9cis.\">Support institutions (NGOs, international cooperation, national technical services) should support producers towards autonomy in the production, processing and preservation: notions of quality, introduction of precise technical itineraries should be introduced. <\/span><span title=\"En effet, si les demandes des groupements et les actions des ONG sont souvent centr\u00e9es sur les \u00e9quipements (principalement pour l'irrigation), les producteurs ont avant tout besoin de recevoir une meilleure orientation de leurs actions vers la demande et les march\u00e9s, et d\">Group requests and NGO actions are often focused on equipment (mainly for irrigation), but producers need first and foremost to receive a better orientation of their actions towards demand and markets, as well as <\/span><span title=\"'am\u00e9liorer leurs techniques de production, d'irrigation et de transformation post-r\u00e9colte en cons\u00e9quence. \">improving their production, irrigation and post-harvest processing techniques accordingly.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Appuyer l'\u00e9conomie locale et cr\u00e9er des emplois pour les jeunes \">Support local economy and create jobs for youth<\/span><\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"La vision propos\u00e9e est celle d\u2019une \u00e9conomie maraich\u00e8re favorisant l\u2019emploi et le revenu non seulement des femmes mais aussi des hommes et particuli\u00e8rement des jeunes, par les services autour de cette production.\">The vision proposed is that of a market economy promoting employment and income not only of women but also of men and particularly young people, by developing services around this production. T<\/span><span title=\"En effet, il existe une force de travail et d\u2019intelligence locale sous-employ\u00e9e, qui peut aider au d\u00e9veloppement de l'\u00e9conomie locale. \">here is an under-employed local labor and intelligence force that can help develop the local economy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Des actions prenant en compte les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de chaque zone de production \">Actions taking into account the specificities of each production area<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span title=\"Les principales zones de production visit\u00e9es ont des caract\u00e9ristiques diff\u00e9rentes : sols, disponibilit\u00e9 en eau, distance des march\u00e9s r\u00e9gionaux.\">The main production areas visited have different characteristics: soils, availability of water, distance from regional markets. <\/span><span title=\"En fonction de ces donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques et humaines, des actions pr\u00e9cises ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sugg\u00e9r\u00e9es et des fili\u00e8res porteuses diff\u00e9rentes identifi\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce aux donn\u00e9es de l'\u00e9tude de march\u00e9 et \u00e0 la grille de d\u00e9cision multi-crit\u00e8res que nous avions mise au point.\">Based on these geographical and human data, specific actions were suggested and different promising pathways were identified thanks to the market research data and the multi-criteria decision grid that we had developed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_6480\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-semenciere.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6480\" class=\"wp-image-6480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-semenciere.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-semenciere.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-semenciere-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6480\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Femme produisant des semences dans un groupement<\/p><\/div>\n<h4>Conclusion<\/h4>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\">The Transition &amp; Cooperation study on market gardening value chains in eastern Chad identified the potential of these sectors to meet the needs of local economic development, food security and anticipation and adaptation to climate change, and to propose specific actions by orienting production and marketing to the needs of local markets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Even in the precarious context of the Sahelian society of Eastern Chad, the possibilities of strengthening these sectors, by improving production, processing and commercial relations, optimizing production and understanding the functioning of local markets, are tangible. <span class=\"\">This is an encouraging conclusion, although it is hoped that in the future efforts will be better distributed between men and women.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>More about&#8230;<\/h4>\n<h5><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">The methodological foundations of the study<\/span><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/span><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">The methodology we implemented for this study was based on the following steps:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Litterature review<\/strong>. <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">In this case, the available data was very general statistics, and their relevance for the study very poor.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Designing the survey tools<\/strong>. <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Defining a first list of economic actors in the value chain.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Field survey<\/span><\/span><\/strong>, quantitative and qualitative : <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">producers, traders and consumers, with the support of a team of market investigators.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Analysis of the quantitative survey data\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">(added value of the actors by product) and<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\"><strong>Qualitative analysis<\/strong>, based on the qualitative survey<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Development of recommendations for the actors and the client.<\/span> <\/span><\/strong><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">Choice of produce to support (request of the NGO) based on the analysis of the added value of the various products and a grid of multi-criteria analysis.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div id=\"attachment_6478\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-enqueteurs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-6478\" class=\"wp-image-6478 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-enqueteurs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-enqueteurs.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-enqueteurs-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Tchad-enqueteurs-510x382.jpg 510w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-6478\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Consultants and investigators Care International<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>The study sample<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>17 groups of producers (10 to 15 producers by groups), out of 50 followed by the NGO, were met<\/li>\n<li>2 consumer focus groups (<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"short_text\" lang=\"en\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span class=\"\">men and women, each gathering 10 people<\/span><\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>152 traders and retailers were interviewed on markets, for the quantitative study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some groups we had planned to interview could not be visited, because of security conditions in a precise area.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction From February to April 2018, we conducted two studies of food value chains, in very different contexts and for different purposes: A study on market gardening in eastern Chad for Care International A study of the organic soybean value chain in Togo for GIZ (German cooperation agency) Both studies were conducted by Pierre Johnson [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[182,246],"class_list":["post-6487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sustainable-supply-chains","tag-food","tag-local-development"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Value chain study of market gardening in eastern Chad - Pierre W. Johnson<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/en\/value-chain-market-gardening-eastern-chad\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Value chain study of market gardening in eastern Chad - Pierre W. 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