{"id":5236,"date":"2017-06-24T20:55:01","date_gmt":"2017-06-24T18:55:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/planetary-boundaries-and-the-great-transition\/"},"modified":"2017-08-11T17:44:21","modified_gmt":"2017-08-11T15:44:21","slug":"planetary-boundaries-great-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/en\/planetary-boundaries-great-transition\/","title":{"rendered":"Planetary boundaries and the great transition"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>We live in an era of fast changes, in which many people, organizations or territories lack the keys of understanding, orientation and action. Our educational, managerial, and political systems have simply not prepared us for a world where the abundant resources of our planet are threatened, and where some fundamental balances are threatened. This article aims to provide some keys on the scientific analysis of &#8220;planetary boundaries&#8221;, a the starting point for the ecological and social transition.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Too often, <em>sustainable development<\/em> is seen as a laudable effort to improve an economic and social system without doing anything different, and thus without being an agent of change in this system. Responding to admittedly major constraints one by one, to the activities of companies and communities without engaging in a profound change in their relationship with the Biosphere is bound to produce limit effects to cope with the changes under way.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Sustainable development &#8211; the first step to awareness<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-3268\" src=\"http:\/\/pierrejohnson.eu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/limits-to-growth-forecast.png\" alt=\"limits-to-growth-forecast\" width=\"263\" height=\"243\" \/><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">A first awareness of the changes to be done emerge with the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.clubofrome.org\/?p=326\">Club of Rome<\/a> report (&#8220;Limits of Growth&#8221;) in 1972, the report of Mrs. G. Brundtland in 1987 and the Earth Summit of 1992 in Rio and Sustainable Development Summit of Johannesburg in 2002 and again in Rio in 2012.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">collapse of available resources. The decennial updates of the report unfortunately confirm that we are on the trajectory of the worst-case scenario.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>At the 3rd Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro (1992), governments, NGOs, soon joined by local authorities, agreed on the <strong>Agenda 21<\/strong>, or program of action for the 21st century. A new way of thinking about collective action was born, more cross-cutting, more uplifting and more participatory &#8230; at least in principle.<\/p>\n<p>However, the widespread image of the three (or four) pillars or circles below is misleading. Indeed, as noted by several authors, what is commonly called &#8220;the environment&#8221; is not a circle among other circles, but rather the condition of life on Earth, and therefore of our society and our economy. A scheme like the one proposed by French economist Ren\u00e9 Passet in his book &#8220;The Economy and the Living&#8221; (right) would be more accurate than the classical scheme (left).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pierrejohnson.eu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/schemaDD1.gif\" alt=\"schemaDD1\" \/><\/td>\n<td><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3269\" src=\"http:\/\/pierrejohnson.eu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/4-piliers-dd-300x147.png\" alt=\"4-piliers-dd\" width=\"480\" height=\"235\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Going deeper into the analysis, scientists, such as J. Lovelock and L. Margulis, have proposed in recent decades to consider our planet as a living system. This systemic approach introduces notions such as feedback loops (positive or negative), thresholds, illustrated in particular by the great scientist and popularizer Fritjof Capra.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">Planetary limits as an area of \u200b\u200binnovation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>More recently, the concept of <strong>planetay boundaries<\/strong>, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-3265\" src=\"http:\/\/pierrejohnson.eu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/planetary-boundaries-credit-Azotecopy.jpg\" alt=\"planetary-boundaries-credit-Azote+copy\" width=\"467\" height=\"384\" \/>proposed byJohan Rockstr\u00f6m of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stockholmresilience.org\/\">Stockholm Resilience Centre<\/a>, <span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">shows the thresholds already reached, threatening to undermine the Earth system and thus the very basis of life <\/span><span title=\"en soci\u00e9t\u00e9.\">in society. <\/span>This team identified 9 subsystems, of which 3 (in red) have exceeded a critical threshold, defined by a variable:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Climate change<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Biodiversity loss<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><span title=\"la perturbation des cycles azote \/ phosphore \">The perturbation of nitrogen \/ phosphorus cycles<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"la diminution de la couche d\u2019ozone \">Stratospheric ozone depletion<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"l\u2019acidification des oc\u00e9ans \">Ocean acidification<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"la consommation mondiale d\u2019eau douce \">Global freshwater use<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"les changements d'affectation des sols \">Changes in land use<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"la pollution chimique \">Chemical pollution<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique par les a\u00e9rosols \">Atmospheric aerosol loading<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"Ces \u00ab limites plan\u00e9taires \u00bb sont li\u00e9es les unes aux autres : la transgression de l\u2019une d\u2019entre elles implique des risques pour les autres sous-syst\u00e8mes. \">These &#8220;planetary limits&#8221; are linked one to another: the transgression of one of them involves risks for the other subsystems.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>The Great Transition: an imperative and a chance<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_5242\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5242\" class=\"wp-image-5242 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/fair-safe-en-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/fair-safe-en-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/fair-safe-en-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/fair-safe-en-768x766.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/fair-safe-en-1024x1021.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/fair-safe-en-1080x1077.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/fair-safe-en.jpg 1623w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5242\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A safe and fair space for humanity<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span title=\"C'est donc que notre syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique, un sous-syst\u00e8me de notre plan\u00e8te, perturbe fortement les niveaux sup\u00e9rieurs du syst\u00e8me-Terre.\">Thus our economic system, a subsystem of our planet, disrupts strongly the higher levels of the Earth system. <\/span><span title=\"Il est donc urgent de modifier les caract\u00e9ristiques de ce syst\u00e8me, et pas seulement certaines de ses param\u00e8tres habituels, comme son taux de croissance ou le taux d'innovation technologique. \">It is therefore urgent to modify the features of this system, not just some of its usual parameters, such as its rate of growth or rate of technological innovation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span title=\"Or, selon l'ONG internationale Oxfam, cet espace de changement existe.\">According to the international NGO Oxfam, a space for change exists. <\/span><span title=\"La figure a gauche inclut en son centre l'espace n\u00e9cessaire pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins humains.\">The figure on the left includes in its center the space necessary to meet human needs. <\/span><span title=\"Il est possible de r\u00e9pondre aux besoins fondamentaux d'une grande partie de l'Humanit\u00e9 tout en respectant les limites plan\u00e9taires. \">It is possible to meet the basic needs of a large part of Humanity while respecting planetary boundaries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h4><strong>&#8220;No problem can be solved at the level of consciousness that has engendered it&#8221;\u201c<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In this sentence Albert Einstein referred to the processes of learning, maturation and evolution of human beings and human organizations in complex situations. T<span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\">he scientific definition of Transition is that of a process of transformation, in which a system fundamentally changes its functions and organization. <span class=\"\">The Great Transition means changing the ways in which our organizations and people work so that they are not only compatible but also help to restore the supporting functions of ecological and social systems.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"result_box\" class=\"\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"\">While sustainable development is often thought of as a response to new constraints, enrolling and anticipating the <strong>great transition<\/strong> offers businesses, communities, associations and project promoters many opportunities for development and fulfillment.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><span style=\"border-radius: 2px; text-indent: 20px; width: auto; padding: 0px 4px 0px 0px; text-align: center; font: bold 11px\/20px 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,sans-serif; 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Our educational, managerial, and political systems have simply not prepared us for a world where the abundant resources of our planet are threatened, and where some fundamental balances are threatened. This article aims to provide some keys on the scientific analysis of \u201cplanetary boundaries\u201d, a the starting point for the ecological and social transition.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5242,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[63],"tags":[106],"class_list":["post-5236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-transition-en","tag-science-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Planetary boundaries and the great transition - Pierre W. 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