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Bioeconomy is a conceptual and practical approach allowing to reconciliate economic activities with the principles of life, thus escaping from the shortcomings of the necessity of the growth of GDP, and of the social, ecological and financial debt.<\/p>\n
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Take for example the life cycle of a soda can. Its production demands significant resources of raw materials (aluminum, made from bauxite, water, sugar, flavors) and energy (to extract aluminum from bauxite, then manufacture the can, and finally transport the beverage of its production place to its retail, where it sometimes spends several days in a refrigerator, before being consumed in a few minutes, the can is then thrown with the “garbage”. In France, only 2 cans out of 3 are recycled.This may seem important, but this means that at least 1.5 billion cans per year are not recycled in this country, producing around 34,000 tons of non-recycled waste, for cans alone.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Yet the notion of waste is non-existent in living organisms. Everything that emerges from a natural loop of production-processing-consumption serves as a raw material for another organism (animal, plant or fungus), thus entering a new loop. Like ecosystems, bioeconomy <\/strong>consists in resynchronizing economic cycles<\/strong> (flows of matter, energy and value) to the cycles of life<\/strong>. It is an answer, simple in its general principle, difficult in its application, to the shortcomings of the linear economy, it opposes the financial logic, representations and operating modes deeply rooted in our societies. In our example, local production of beverage from local resources (fruit, water) coupled with reuse of (cans) would help eliminate waste and significantly reduce the energy expenditure associated with production and transportation of beverages.<\/p>\n
Before being adopted by institutions such as the OECD, bioeconomy<\/strong> was defined precisely by the forerunners of ecological economics (Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen and Ren\u00e9 Passet) as a response to the challenge of reconciling economic activity with the principles of life, to live and work within the planetary boundaries<\/a>. Some researchers (such as F. Capra or J. Banyuls, founder of biomimicry, Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, founders of permaculture) have defined principles as regulatory ideas to move forward in this direction. Such an economy relies mainly on solidarity with living beings and between humans, framed in the long term. It implies giving value to what makes a full and healthy life (happiness, human relationship, with a minimal material basis for well-being) rather than to the accumulation of goods.<\/p>\n
In their own way, social entrepreneurship<\/a>, the social economy, ethical biotrade<\/a>, and approaches such as circular economy or collaborative economy, try to meet these challenges. These responses are often partial (as in a form of highly capitalist collaborative economy), sometimes better integrated. The efforts to be made are not so much theoretical (as in the effort of compilation and vulgarization elaborated by I. Delannoy within the framework of a “symbiotic economy”) than practical. We need more action, experimentation, methods, facilitation than theory. Yet much remains to be done to introduce this approach in organizations and territories.<\/p>\n
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Bioeconomy Bioeconomy is a conceptual and practical approach allowing to reconciliate economic activities with the principles of life, thus escaping from the shortcomings of the necessity of the growth of GDP, and of the social, ecological and financial debt. The relation of the current economy to Life is built on an illusion: that it can […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"
Le rapport actuel de notre \u00e9conomie au vivant est b\u00e2ti sur une illusion\u00a0: celle de pouvoir \u00e9chapper \u00e0 la logique et aux cycles naturels.<\/strong> Sa logique est lin\u00e9aire : \u00ab\u00a0approvisionnement\u00a0\u00bb en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, transformation, consommation, puis production de \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9chets\u00a0\u00bb rejet\u00e9s dans la nature.\u00a0La s\u00e9rie de vid\u00e9os \u00e9ducatives d'Annie L\u00e9onard pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s sous le titre \u00ab Story of Stuff\u00a0\u00bb explique tr\u00e8s bien cet \u00e9tat de fait (ici sous-titr\u00e9es en fran\u00e7ais<\/a>). Voici un autre exemple :<\/div>\u00a0Prenons par exemple le cycle de vie\u00a0d\u2019une canette de boisson p\u00e9tillante. Sa production demande des ressources importantes en mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res (aluminium, fabriqu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de la bauxite, eau, sucre, ar\u00f4mes) et en \u00e9nergie (pour extraire l\u2019aluminium de la bauxite, puis fabriquer la canette, et finalement transporter la boisson de son lieu de fabrication \u00e0 ses points de vente, et de ceux-ci au domicile du consommateur, parfois en v\u00e9hicule individuel. La boisson, qui passe parfois plusieurs jours en r\u00e9frig\u00e9rateur, est consomm\u00e9e en quelques minutes, puis son contenant est jet\u00e9 avec les \u00ab\u00a0ordures\u00a0\u00bb. En France, seulement 2 canettes sur 3 sont recycl\u00e9es. Cela peut para\u00eetre important, mais cela signifie qu\u2019au moins 1,5 milliards de canettes par an ne sont pas recycl\u00e9s dans ce pays. Soit environ\u00a034000 tonnes tonnes de d\u00e9chets non recycl\u00e9s pour ce seul usage.<\/div><\/blockquote>\u00a0Or la notion de d\u00e9chets est inexistante dans le vivant. Tout ce qui \u00ab\u00a0sort\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019une boucle de production-transformation-consommation naturelle sert de mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re \u00e0 un autre organisme (animal, v\u00e9g\u00e9tal ou champignon) et entre dans une autre boucle. \u00c0 l\u2019instar du fonctionnement des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, la bio\u00e9conomie<\/strong> consiste \u00e0\u00a0resynchroniser les cycles \u00e9conomiques<\/strong> (flux de mati\u00e8re, d'\u00e9nergie et de valeur) aux cycles du vivant<\/strong>. C\u2019est une r\u00e9ponse,\u00a0simple dans son principe g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, difficile dans son application, aux impasses de l\u2019\u00e9conomie lin\u00e9aire, tant elle se heurte \u00e0 la logique financi\u00e8re, aux repr\u00e9sentations et aux modes op\u00e9ratoires profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9s dans nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.\u00a0Dans notre exemple, une production locale de boisson, \u00e0 partir de ressources locales (fruits, eau), coupl\u00e9e avec une r\u00e9utilisation des contenants contribuerait \u00e0 \u00e9liminer tout d\u00e9chet, et \u00e0 diminuer consid\u00e9rablement la d\u00e9pense d\u2019\u00e9nergie li\u00e9e \u00e0 la production et au transport.<\/div>\u00a0<\/div>Avant d'\u00eatre reprise par des institutions comme l'OCDE,\u00a0 la bio\u00e9conomie a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9finie pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment\u00a0par des \u00e9conomistes pr\u00e9curseurs d'une \u00e9conomie \u00e9cologique (Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen et Ren\u00e9 Passet) comme la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de\u00a0 concilier l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique avec les principe du vivant, et donc de vivre et de travailler dans les limites plan\u00e9taires<\/a>.\u00a0Certains chercheurs (comme\u00a0F. Capra ou J. Banyuls, fondatrice du biomim\u00e9tisme, Bill Mollison et David Holmgren fondateurs de la permaculture) ont d\u00e9fini des principes servant d\u2019id\u00e9es r\u00e9gulatrices pour avancer dans cette voie.\u00a0Une telle \u00e9conomie repose principalement sur la solidarit\u00e9 avec le vivant et entre les humains, et ceci sur le long terme.Elle suppose de donner de la valeur \u00e0 ce qui fait une vie pleine et saine (le bonheur, les relations humaines, sur un socle de bien-\u00eatre mat\u00e9riel minimal) plut\u00f4t qu'\u00e0 l'accumulation de biens.<\/div>\u00a0<\/div>\u00c0 leur fa\u00e7on, l'en<\/strong>trepreneuriat social<\/a>, l'\u00e9conomie sociale et solidaire, le biocommerce<\/a> \u00e9thique, et des approches comme l'\u00e9conomie circulaire ou l'\u00e9conomie collaborative, essaient de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces enjeux. Ces r\u00e9ponses sont souvent parfois partielles (comme dans une forme d'\u00e9conomie collaborative tr\u00e8s capitalistique), parfois mieux int\u00e9gr\u00e9es. Les efforts \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser ne sont pas tant th\u00e9oriques (effort de compilation et de vulgarisation \u00e9labor\u00e9 par I. Delannoy avec l'\u00e9conomie symbiotique) que pratiques. Nous avons davantage besoin d'actions, d'exp\u00e9rimentation, de m\u00e9thodes, d'accompagnement que de th\u00e9orie. Pourtant, beaucoup d'efforts restent \u00e0 faire pour introduire cette approche dans les organisations et sur les territoires.<\/div>\u00a0<\/div>L\u2019approche que nous proposons est bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019exp\u00e9rience et les principes du mouvement de la\u00a0transition<\/a><\/strong>, et sur plusieurs approches : la permaculture<\/strong> et le biocommerce \u00e9thique. Outil de conception de sites et de communaut\u00e9s humaines, la permaculture peut se concevoir du niveau tr\u00e8s local \u00e0 un niveau plus large, par exemple celui de la bior\u00e9gion<\/strong>. La perspective est alors de puiser dans les ressources locales et d'orchestrer les ressources humaines et naturelles pour assurer les besoins en alimentation, en logement, en \u00e9nergie et en habillement. Le biocommerce<\/a><\/strong> \u00e9thique, pour sa part, permet de valoriser la biodiversit\u00e9 tout en respectant celle-ci ainsi que les peuples qui ont su la conserver et d\u00e9velopper des connaissances permettant un usage p\u00e9renne et efficace de celle-ci (pour des usages alimentaires, cosm\u00e9tiques, textiles et autres), transmis de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.<\/div>\u00a0<\/div>Notre approche s\u2019appuie sur la th\u00e9orie des syst\u00e8mes<\/strong>, consid\u00e9rant par exemple l\u2019agriculture, l\u2019alimentation, les modes de vie, la gestion des ressources naturelles comme des syst\u00e8mes en interaction les uns avec les autres, tout en ayant chacun leurs propres m\u00e9canismes internes.<\/div>","_et_gb_content_width":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6067","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nBioeconomy, an approach centered on the principles and cycles of life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bioeconomy is a conceptual and practical approach allowing to reconciliate economic activities with the principles of life\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/en\/bioeconomy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bioeconomy, an approach centered on the principles and cycles of life\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bioeconomy is a conceptual and practical approach allowing to reconciliate economic activities with the principles of life\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pierrejohnson.eu\/en\/bioeconomy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Pierre W. 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